Which of the following is NOT a situation where authorization is needed to release PHI?

The correct choice highlights a key aspect of the HIPAA regulations regarding the disclosure of Protected Health Information (PHI). In the context of sharing information with family members, HIPAA allows healthcare providers to share PHI without patient authorization under certain circumstances, particularly when it pertains to the individual's treatment or when the individual is present and agrees to the sharing of information.

This provision is designed to facilitate communication and care coordination among family members and healthcare providers, recognizing that in many cases, families play a crucial role in the health and well-being of individuals.

In contrast, the other situations mentioned, such as payment for services, conducting treatment, and normal business operations, typically require adherence to certain regulatory standards and may necessitate authorization, particularly if the disclosures fall outside of what is defined as part of treatment, payment, or healthcare operations under HIPAA rules. Each of these scenarios involves the handling of PHI in ways that are more regulated compared to sharing with family members.